Tidal: How to Lose the Music Streaming War
Tidal, never understanding its late market entrant position, never understood the market dynamics of the streaming music service well enough capture share.
While the streaming wars of online video have become a widely discussed topic, music streaming is not far behind. Spotify filed for an IPO last week, and analysts report that the offering will give the company a $23BN valuation on the back of 71 million paying subscribers and more than 159 million MAUs.1 Contrast this with competitor Tidal, which as of December, was reported be burning though cash and losing users, with enough working capital to last only six months.2 Why has Tidal, which had the benefit of a famous owner in Jay-Z, faired so much poorly than its competitors?
Tidal’s “Re-Launch” and Value Proposition
Tidal was initially launched by Aspiro in 2014, but was quickly purchased by Jay-Z in January 2015 for $56M.3 Two months later, Jay-Z re-launched the service with a huge marketing and PR push. With Spotify and Pandora already in the market, Tidal needed to distinguish itself from the competition to gain any traction. The platform wanted to distinguish itself on three dimensions:
- It would be the first music streaming service to be owned by artists (the service had many high profile minority owners, including but not limited to, Kanye West, Rihanna, Beyonce, and Jack White) who also committed to “changing the music industry.”
- It would house lots of exclusive content (it re-launched with an exclusive single from Rihanna) and curated playlists by its owners.
- It would offer the best sound quality of any platform, known as “lossless audio.” This would be available for $19.99 a month, while a $9.99 a month, with regular audio, was also a subscription tier.
Photo from the Tidal launch event.
The immediate aftermath of the announcement seemed to prove the re-launch a success. The platform stated that it gained 100K subscribers just from the announcement of the artist co-owner list and catapulted to the Top 20 of the U.S. iPhone Apps chart.4 However, the success was extremely short-lived, and the platform quickly fell out of the top 700 apps within two weeks.
What Went Wrong
Looking at how Tidal wanted to create value, it becomes clear why the platform struggled. It hoped that its artist-first ownership and royalty model (it reported to pay the highest royalties of any music streaming platform), was meant to be an attraction to gaining top talent that would then entice user subscription. There are two problems with this. First, the cost structure of this model is not scalable. Spotfiy, which has a much larger user base, pays artists less than Tidal and has never been able to make a profit. This is due to the high fixed cost nature of the business, meaning scale is the only way to reach profitability. As a new, and late entrant, scale becomes very difficult to achieve for Tidal, made even more daunting by its smaller geographic footprint than its rivals.
Tidal also hoped that its exclusive content would attract users. Unfortunately, this missed the point that users multi-home streaming services, especially when ones are available for free, and are happy to wait to listen. Users are not beholden to Tidal for songs, and they can still listen to their favorite artists on other platforms, or, find a way to illegally download the song elsewhere. And, as we have seen as of late, artists rarely stay on one service exclusively for long, knowing that the small financial gains per stream dictate a strategy of having your music available everywhere. While some users may pay for the earliest access, most will not.
In addition, Higher quality audio is not that great of a selling point. Most users do not care about it. Those that do might not have the appropriate headphones that can actually capture the higher quality audio. And, at $19.99 a month, the price point for better audio is prohibitively high, where users have been conditioned to be able to listen to music for free, or at most, $9.99 a month.5
Conclusion
Tidal’s biggest mistake appears to be that they never understood how hard it was given that they were the fourth entrant into the space. Instead of trying to undercut its competitors by price or content availability, the platform went in the opposite direction, making its service the most expensive, with the least amount of content, hoping that its message would bring users in. Unfortunately, users do not have an emotional connection to their streaming service. They just want the cheapest option that has most of the music they want to listen to. Apple may have gotten away with this strategy because it built its streaming service into the rest of its product ecosystem. Tidal, however, only had its own service to stand on.
Tidal’s subscription numbers have been disputed, but estimates put it between 1 and 3 million, much further behind even Apple Music, which has 30 million.6 With no turnaround in sight, or change in strategic direction, some analysts speculate that Tidal will eventually sell itself to one of its rivals, hoping to buy their subscribers and exclusive content on the cheap.
1 “Music streaming service Spotify files to go public, lost $1.5 billion last year,” Michelle Castillo, CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/28/spotify-files-for-ipo.html
2 “Tidal may only have enough cash left to last six months,” Saqib Shah, Engadget, https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/13/tidal-jay-z-financial-trouble/
3 “Tidal launch livestream: Watch Jay Z relaunching high fidelity music streaming service,” David Gilbert, International Business Times, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/tidal-launch-livestream-watch-jay-z-relaunching-high-fidelity-music-streaming-service-1494210
4 “Jay Z’s TIDAL App Falls Out Of Top 700 iPhone Apps Chart,” Staff, Baller Status, https://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/04/21/jay-zs-tidal-app-falls-out-of-top-700-iphone-apps-chart/
5 “3 reasons why Jay Z’s new Tidal streaming service is stupid,” Micah Peters, For The Win, http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/03/3-reasons-why-jay-zs-tidal-streaming-service-is-stupid
6 “Tidal may only have enough cash left to last six months,” Saqib Shah, Engadget, https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/13/tidal-jay-z-financial-trouble/
Great post! However I’d like to push back a bit about the argument of scale is the only way to reach profitability in music business. Major music labels started to charge high royalty fee of the copyrights of their music contents by asking for 70-75% of Spotify’s revenue per song under on-demand streaming model as return. This leaves extremely thin margin for Spotify to cover its distribution cost and customer acquisition investment but given the core music content assets still belong to the labels’ side, Spotify could do nothing but to compromise this financial model, resulting in consecutive losses under aggressive revenue/user base growth – cause no matter how fast the user base grows or how large the user base is, they are not able to amortize any of Spotify’s cost of goods. There’s barely networking effect created for sake of Spotify’s bottom line through this revenue sharing model. I really have a hard time finding out an executable route for music apps to gain profit, but unless the industry break up the current power dynamics between labels and apps, I think it’ll be super hard for anyone to be truly profitable through music business itself.
It’s interesting how badly Tidal did given the fairly public history of how music streaming platforms have performed overtime. Given the lack of success of their model, I wonder if a content play makes more sense for them at this point since clearly users don’t want to pay for multiple platforms, they just want the one service where they can get the most for their money. I wonder if there are ways that Tidal could partner with a platform to provide access to their exclusive artists’ content for a fee. For instance pay a few dollars more per month to Spotify or Apple for access to Tidal’s artists. Perhaps it could attract the users Tidal was targeting, and perhaps compensate the artists who were boycotting the platforms before.
Tidal does offer us numerous music for our entertainment. If you still use theTidal app, you can get an AudFree Tidal Music Converter. You can get lossless files without subscription. Get more detail at the AudFree Xmas Promotion Website.